Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)

Hypotension (low blood pressure) is a condition in which blood pressure is lower than 90/60 mmHg or blood pressure low enough so that it causes symptoms such as dizziness and fainting.

Maintain the pressure at the time of leaving the heart and blood circulation to the whole body is very important. Pressure must be high enough to deliver oxygen and food substances to all cells in the body and dispose of waste generated.
If the pressure is too high, can tear the blood vessel and cause bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke) or other complication.

If the pressure is too low, the blood can not provide oxygen and food substances for which sufficient cells and can not remove the waste generated, as appropriate.


Compensation mechanism of blood pressure

There are 3 factors that help determine blood pressure:

1. The amount of blood pumped from the heart
   The more blood is pumped from the heart each minute (cardiac output, heart rainfall), the higher the blood pressure.
   
   Too much blood is pumped may be reduced if the heart rhythm slowed it's contradiction or weakened, as can happen after a heart attack (infarct myocardium).
   
   Heart rate is very fast, which can reduce the efficiency of the heart pumps, rainfall can also reduce heart.
2. Volume of blood in the vein.
   The more blood in circulation, the higher the blood pressure. Loss of blood due to dehydration or bleeding can reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure.
3. Capacity of the blood vessel.
   The small capacity of the heart tube, the higher the blood pressure. Dilation of blood vessel cause blood pressure and decrease blood vessel constriction causes blood pressure increase.

Sensor system, which is located mainly in the neck and chest, blood pressure monitors constantly. If found that the changes caused by one of the three factors above, the sensor system will trigger a change in one of the factors to compensate so that a stable blood pressure can be maintained.

Nerves carry signals from the sensor system and from the center of the brain to some important organs:

• Heart, to change the speed and strength of heartbeat (the amount of blood pumped)
• Kidney, to manage the expenditure of water (change in volume of blood circulation)
• Blood vessel, to cause contraction / wrinkling or dilatation (the capacity of the blood vessel).

Therefore, if the blood vessel open out (which will tend to lower blood pressure), the system immediately sends sensor signals through the brain and heart to heart rate to increase, so that the flow of blood from the heart and increased blood pressure changes occur.

Low blood pressure may be a result of the deviation function in the mechanisms that maintain blood pressure. For example, if the ability to bring nerve signal is interrupted due to various diseases, the compensation mechanism can not function properly.

Causes of Low Blood Pressure

• Changes In The Compensation Mechanism
• Rainfall decreased heart abnormal heart rhythm
• Damage, or loss of function of heart muscle rudiment
• Heart valve disease
• Embolism pulmonary
• Blood volume decreased by severe bleeding
• Diarrhea
• Excessive perspiration
• Excessive urinary
• Increase capacity of shock septic blood vessel
• By heat exposure
• Diarrhea
• Vasodilator drugs (nitrate, calcium resistor, resistor ACE)

Symptoms of Hypotension

People will usually feel dizzy or fainting.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is done base on symptoms and examination results of blood pressure. Check the other usual: Checking blood

• Blood production
• EKG
• Analysis of urine water
• Stomach Rays
• Chest Rays