Colorectal Polyp

Polyp is a growth of the network or rectal bowel wall protruding into the intestine or rectum and can not be cancer (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Polyps vary depending on the size, the greater the greater the risk of polyp to become cancerous or pre-cancer. Polyps may grow large with or without the parent cell. Where is that without a parent cell may be more cancer cells than with mother. Adenomatous polyps, which consist mainly of the gland cells inside the colon surface, may be a cancer (pre-cancer). Adenomas of serrated adenoma is a really aggressive.

Transcription Condition

Some polyps are the results derived from the condition, such as family adenomatous polyposis and Peutz Jeghers syndrome.

Just to know, there is a genetically problems that causes people have hundreds of polyp in their colon. Without treatment, nearly all cancer patients experience the age of 40 years . in Polyposis of the Adenomatous family, 100 or more pre-cancerous polyps occur throughout the large intestine and rectum during infancy or adolescence. On almost all of that is not treated, polyps develop into colon cancer or rectal cancer (colorectal cancer) before age 40 years. people with Polyposis of adenomatous family can cause other complications (formerly called Gardner syndrome), especially the various types of non cancer. This non-tumor cancers arising elsewhere in the body (for example, in the skin, skull, or jaw).

In the Peutz Jeghers syndrome, patients have a lot of small polyps in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. They also have a lot of black spot of bluish in the face of them, in their mouth, and in their hands and feet. Spot tend to fade when pubertas except that in the mouth. People with Peutz Jeghers syndrome increase the risk of developing into cancer many organs, especially pancreas, small intestine, colon, breast, lung, ovary, and uterus.

Colorectal Polyp Symptoms

Most polyps do not cause symptoms. When they occur, the most common symptom is bleeding from the rectum. Large polyp may cause convulsions, abdominal pain, or obstructions. Large polyp with a very small protruding, such as finger (villous adenomas) may issue a water and salt, cause diarrhea with a lot of water that can cause low potassium content in the blood (hypokalemia). Rarely, rectal polyp in the rectum and out through the anus dangle.

Diagnosis

A doctor may be able to handle polyps with a gloved finger to insert in the anus, but usually polyps found during flexible sigmoidoscopy (examination the lower colon with a viewing tube). If the polyp appeared flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy is done to check the entire colon. Testing is a more thorough and reliable as it is done more than one polyp is usually present and which also may be cancer. Colonoscopy also allows a doctor to biopsy (tissue paper transfer of the sample for examination under the microscope) field, which also seems to be a cancer.

Colorectal Polyp Treatment

Doctors generally recommend to remove all polyps from the colon and rectum because of their potential to become cancer. Polyps removed during a colonoscopy procedure using cutlery or electrified cable with loop. If the polyp does not have a parent or the cells can not be removed during colonoscopy, abdominal surgery may be needed.

If the polyp is found to be cancer, treatment depends on whether the cancer is spreading. The risk of the spread is determined by microscopic examination on the polyp. If the risk is low, no further treatment is necessary. If high risk, especially if cancer cells have been overrun parent polyp, the affected colon removed with surgery, and the ends of the cut through the intestine.

When excision of the polyp, the entire colon and rectum are examined with a colonoscopy and a year ago after a period of examination is determined by your doctor. If such examination is not possible because constringency colon, barium enema is used to view the large intestine with X-ray.

for patients with family of adenomatous poliposis, cutting thorough colon and eliminate the risk of rectal cancer. Another alternative, colon and rectum removed linked to small intestine, this procedure sometimes polyps the rectum and therefore preferred by many experts. The rest of the rectum is examined by sigmoidoscopy every 3 to 6 months, so that new polyps can be eliminated. If the new polyps appear too fast, rectum should also be removed. If the rectum removed, holes were created operation of the abdominal wall through the small intestine (ileostomy). The dirt is removed through the body into the ileostomy bag disposable.

Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being studied for their ability to reverse the growth of polips in people with familial adenomatous poliposis. Their effects are temporary, however, and once these drugs are discontinued, the polyps begin to grow again. Some anti inflammation nonsteroid drugs (NSAIDs) are learned for their ability to reverse the growth polyps in patients with poliposis family adenomatous. While their effects, however, and so the medicine is stopped, start polyps grow large again.

conclution: Some of the polyp caused by a hereditary condition. Bleeding from the rectum is the most common symptoms. Colonoscopy is done to make the diagnosis. Surgery adoption is the best choice treatment.

Colorectal Cancer (rectum)

In western countries, colon cancer (colon) and rectum (colorectal cancer) is a type of cancer is no 2 the most common, and no 2 cause of cancer death. Figures colorectal cancer incidence increased at the age of 40 years and peak at age 60-75 years. Colon cancer (cancer colon) occurred more frequently in women, cancer rectum more often found in men. About 5% of colon cancer or rectum cancer has more than one colorectum cancer at the same time.

Colon cancer usually begins with swelling, such as a button on the surface of the coating on the bowel or polyp. Then cancer will start to enter the intestinal wall. Lymph nodes in the neighborhood can also be affected.

Because blood from the bowel wall was brought to the heart, cancer usually spread colon (metastases) to the heart soon after spread to lymph gland in the neighborhood.

Causes of Cancer Colorectal

Someone with a family history of cancer suffering colon, have a high risk contract cancer.
Historical of genetically poliposis or a similar disease also increase the risk of cancer colon.

Colitis ulcerative patients or Crohn disease have higher risk for suffering from cancer. Risk associated with patient age at the time of this difference arises, and the duration of this deviation.

Food handling an important role in colon cancer risk, but how, is not known. In the world, people with the highest risk are those who live in urban areas and the typical foods of the rich west. Food is a low fiber and high animal protein, fat and carbohydrate. Presumably decreased risk with high dietary calcium, vitamin D and vegetables such as Brusel sprout, cabbage and broccoli.

Cancer Colorectal Symptom

Colorectal cancer grow slowly and take a long time before causing symptoms.
Symptoms depending on the type, location and spread of cancer.

The right colon (asendens colon) has a large diameter and thin wall that. Because of its liquid form, asendens colon will not be stopped until the final stages of a cancer.
The tumor of asendens colon can be so swell that can be felt through the stomach wall. Weak because of anemia that may be the only symptom.

The left colon (desendens colon) has a smaller diameter and a thicker wall and the feces quite dense.

Cancer tends to encircle the colon this, cause constipation and defecate frequently, alternately.

Because desendens colon more narrow and thicker walls, stoppage occurs earlier. Patient experiencing painful stomach cramps or stomach pain and constipation that great. Can bloody feces, but blood is often hidden, and can only be known through laboratory examination.

Most cancers cause bleeding, but usually slowly. Rectum on cancer, the first symptoms are most often bleeding during defecate. If rectum bleed, even when the patient is also suffering from hemorrhoids or disease diverticle, thought must also be the possibility of a cancer.
On rectum cancer, patients can feel pain when defecate and feelings that their rectum have not been fully empty. Can be a pain to sit. But usually people do not feel pain because their cancer, unless the cancer has spread to outside the network rectum

Diagnosis

Like other cancers, checks the filter routine, to help early detection of cancer colorectal.
Using the microscopic examination of feces to calculate the amount of blood. To help ensure the right of examination, the patient ate a high fiber red meat for 3 days before the sample of feces. When this filter examination showed the possibility of cancer, needs further examination.

Prior to endoscopy, emptied bowels, often with some mineral oil and enema.
Approximately 65% of cancer colorectal can be seen with sigmoidoskop. If a polyp may look violent, the whole colon is examined with colonoscopy, the power coverage longer. Some growth was seen with the malignant surgical instrument through colonoscopy, growth should be raised with the other usual surgery.

Colonoscopy

Examination of blood can help establish the diagnosis.
At 70% of people who suffer cancer colorectal, degree of carcinoembriogenic antigen in the blood is high. When the measure was before the cancer antigen is high, then after the surgery can measure down. On the next visit, this antigen level was measured again; if the measure means that the cancer has increased relapse again. Measurements can also be 2 other antigen, namely CA19-9 and CA 125, which is similar to the antigen carcinoembbriogenic.

Cancer Colorectal Medication

Treatment on the primary colorectal cancer is by removal of the affected intestine and it's gland system.
30% of patients can not tolerate surgery because of bad health, so that some tumor was electrocoagulation through. This can alleviate symptoms and extend the age, but does not cure the tumor.

In most cases colon cancer, part of the intestine that was violent is taken over with the surgery and the remaining is connected again.

Rectum for cancer, the type of surgery depends on how far the cancer distance from the anus is and how it grows in to the rectum wall.

Removal of all rectum and anus require that the patient experiences the permanently colostomy (making a connection between the stomach wall colon). With colostomy, the contents of large intestine through the empty hole in the wall to the stomach in a bag, the bag is called colostomy.

When possible, rectum that was removed only in part, and leaving the other end of the rectum and anus. Then connect the other end of the rectum to the end of colon.

Radiation therapy after tumor designation, can help control the growth of remaining tumor, slow down the relapse and increase life expectancy.

Tumor removal and radiation therapy, is effective for cancer rectum with the 1-4 lymph gland cancer. But less effective in people with cancer rectum that has more than 4 cancer gland lymph gland.

If the cancer has spread and colorectal surgery does not seem to help healing, can be done with florouracil chemotherapy and levamisole, which can increase life expectancy.

When the colorectal cancer has spread, so that can not be lifted entirely, surgery to relieve intestinal stoppage, can alleviate symptoms. But life expectancy is only about 7 months. If the cancer has spread only to liver, chemotherapy drugs can be injected directly into the blood vessel to the heart. Although expensive, this treatment can provide more benefits than the usual chemotherapy. But this treatment still require further research. If the cancer has spread outside the liver, this treatment is not effective anymore.

After the colorectal cancer was all through the surgery, performed colonoscopy to check the remaining intestine, as much as 2-5 times each year. If this check does not indicate the existence of cancer, the next inspection is done every 2-3 years.

The spread of colorectal cancer & patient's life expectancy rate
life expectancy rate of 5 years90%80%30%

The spread of cancer
Cancer that is only spread to a mucosa layer of intestine
Cancer penetrate into the muscle layer of intestine
Cancer gland spread to lymph

Early Cancer Detection in Children

Cancer is the word which is very creepy for anyone. If someone has been convicted had the disease, of which is spread in mind that the life expectancy will be reduced.

However, raising this contention is not entirely true of course. If the cancer can be detected early, the opportunity torecover the greater. In addition, the hope for healing children who have a cancer is relatively large, even up to 100 percent.

As said by Head of Children Hematology of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Prof. Djajadiman SpA (K) in Jakarta on Tuesday (15 / 7), cancer in children is quite different from the cancer that attacks adults.

"Cancer can occur in children from birth through age or after the baby. Not like cancer in adults, cancer in children can be cured up to 100 percent if found still in the early stages. But in adults, there is a possibility of cancer recurrence may be more," Djajadiman explains.

He added that cases of cancer in children at this time to reach about 3 percent of all cancer disease incidence. In general, there are several types of cancer that attacks the children, such as blood cancers (leukemia), brain cancer, cancer of the ball (retinoblastoma), lymph gland cancer, cancer nerve, muscle gland cancer, and bone cancer.

"But if sorted from the many, only two types of cancer are most commonly found, ie, leukemia and cancer of the ball," he explained.

According to the World Children's Cancer Organization, the case leukemia reach 25-35 percent of all childhood cancer. Figures reported incident occurred in the highest age of 3-6 years and more the girls. Meanwhile, retinoblastoma is cancer that is found in many developing countries in children aged under 5 years old. Mortality due to this disease reaches 50-60 per cent as most people come late or are in advanced stages.

Difficult to recognize

About symptoms of early occurrence of cancer, explains Prof. Djajadiman, cancer in children is quite difficult to recognize because they often do not feel or can not told about the symptom.

"However, there are common signs that should be awarded by parents. With the symptoms of this, parents can more consult it to the doctor," he said.

For the blood cancer or leukemia, Prof. Djajadiman information, symptoms that appear normal child is less enthusiastic, listless, and weak due to a decrease in hemoglobin level. Other symptoms are fever with a high frequency due to the decreasing rate of white blood cells and the emergence of spots colored blue or red due to bleeding, and stomach harden the heart and spleen swell.

"Because the process occurs in the spine, is usually also accompanied by pain in the spine in the night. Sometimes there is also a bump arise in the neck," he said.

While the symptoms of retinoblastoma in children, Prof. Djayadiman continued, the more difficult because more is known symptoms do not appear initially. Symptoms are usually marked with the white dot in the eyes of black. If you already have the white belly spot, and will reflect light into the eye or is also often called the cat eyes.

"So because there is light reflect, such as the tumor is shining. But this indicates that this cancer is not too early," explained.

He further explained, when the symptoms are found in the child's parents should immediately take them to hospital or other health care facilities so that doctors can help to ensure that their children fell ill of cancer.

Still not sure

About the causes of cancer in children, Prof. Djajadiman states until now have not known exactly by the experts. This fact also causes the child's cancer prevention efforts difficult.

"But that is the cause of the influence of genetic factors, such as deviation or defect genes that cause cell growth were not restrained. This is a cause of cancer prevented children difficult. Because clearly different from the cancer on the adult emergence can be a factor because of the behavior and lifestyle," he explained .

Maybe a day later when it can be known, Prof. Djajadiman holds, cancer in children can be overcome with the methods of therapy. "The therapy may be in the form of gene therapy and not a therapy for prevention," he said.