Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis (gall inflammation) is not diagnosed because the gall bladder is already wrapped by omentum (one of the buildings in the stomach cavity). This is usually known trough laparoscopy.

Fat dissolving agent

In principle, gall bladder is a bag used to hold liquids in the form of gall salts and gall fat. Gall salt is needed to help the defense system body known as the balance of acid and base. In addition, also in the gall bladder, there is a gall extract that is used to dissolve fat. In the circumstances, the error due to the fat meal with excessive and sometimes accompanied by bacteria that enter, the process occurs precipitation from extracts of fat. And can cause problems form the core gallstone formation (cholelithiasis). Cholelithiasis this gall can cause inflammation (cholecystitis). Conversely, cholecystitis can cause gallstones.

Cholecystitis is sometimes difficult to find, and the subjectivity symptoms is almost the same as the pain of stomach illness and flatulence. Unless this has been cause cholecystitis specific problems, such as yellow skin, and form stones gall (cholelithiasis), which clog the channel in the total gall. Because it will cause a feeling such as an ulcer in the stomach with pain in the tip of the scapula or boas point. Sore point in boas is one of the characteristics interference gall disease. For more details, the examination with the USG can be done.

When inflammation occurs, gall will continue to swell. Gall can not eventually produce in accordance with its capacity and that should cause a risk gall leakage. When the inflammation will lead to quite serious adhesion in some places, especially in the liver and large intestine. This is the most happening.

If the gall inflammation persists and inflame the liver near, it will be cause pain in the shoulder (kerr). Pain in the neck occurred because there inflammation involving nerves in the diaphragm (midriff). The means there is inflammation in the wall through the gall bladder and this has complications. The soreness can be right or left and lost-emerged. The longer the pain is more severe and eventually pain settled. If there are a lot of gallstones, some of gallstones can go to gall channel which connect the liver with the 12 fingers intestine. So, blockage can also occur.

When the patient is experiencing blockage, the skin color look yellow and the lid also shown yellowy. On condition that the person may experience complications that bad until complications occur in his brain. That is known as bilirubin poisoned.

On the chance that they found with complications, sometimes complications such as tumor appearance. Inflammation in the gall caused by a tumor, sometimes because of a stricture, or polyp in the gall. The appearance of this tumor usually occurs in people who have the tumor. Outside of the case is the case of gall tumefy caused by a tumor in the pancreas, and very complex operation. Therefore, he said, if someone has inflammation in the gall bladder, the gall bladder should be appointed. To avoid from relapse and to stop the gallstone production.

However, if the inflammation does not pose a risk of gall excessive or complications that are not life threatening, it can ease inflammation with medication first. If inflammation is calm, so laparoscopy surgery can be performed.

Avoid fat

Actually, the cholecystitis and cholelithiasis prevention is not easy. However, because this one part of the digestive system, should keep away from fatty foods.

Alcohol will also trigger problems in the gall, so, drinking alcohol should be avoided. It also should eat food that does not contaminated by bacteria. Because the bacteria will enter into the digestion through food.

The gall inflammation and gallstone is more suffered by women than men compared to 1 that is 2 or 3. Those at risk is that fat people, aged above 40 years old, fertile, and most women.

It is not a problem if the gall bladder is taken over, because gall bladder is only a reservoir, not the main framer. Function gall bladder this will be compensated by instruments of the body others who can provide support in the process of digestion, for example, in gall channel.

People with no gall bladder (have been appointed) must avoid fatty foods. Because the food will be fed cause pain in the pit of the stomach. In the first six months after gall bladder lifting is done, pain, sometimes appear in the pit of the stomach, especially when people eat fatty foods.

But with time, after the body do compensations naturally, pain will automatically disappear.

Overview

If you feel sick in the stomach like an ulcer and a pain in the boas point (e shoulder blade), it is likely to crash your gall.

Asthma, Do not laugh excessively

You laugh like children, when asthma contract? Be careful. The research results found that laugh is not always a best medicine; otherwise, a laugh that is not correct can make asthma worse increases.

Medical research in Australia for more than 500 children with asthma, two thirds of them experienced seizures asthma relapse due to a sudden laugh, either because it matters the splitting or brisk. Even laugh because flood excitement more often so they trigger breathing difficulties compared as tired and smoke.

"This research does not suggest that children's asthma should be
always low-spirited, but this research gives the message that people with asthma
can effectively control the laughter, "said Richard Henry, professor
galenical children New South Wales University, the research is.

Asthma is caused by excessive laughing is found more in adolescent, although this is not a major cause relapse, where changes in weather and chemical irritation are also often make asthma relapse, especially in the night and morning.

In further research, Henry and the team ask the parents of 62 children who are suffering from asthma to record their behavior and laughter measure the flow of their breathing, especially after the attacks asthma. They encounter many relapse asthma attack while watching the film comedy laugh and make them redundant.

This research is only one part of the asthma research that have been done, although most of asthma research only about causes of asthma and how to minimize the relapse of asthma attacks.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox often come suddenly without perspective feather. Can be cured in spite of, do not belittle this disease because it can occur a number of complications.

The former contains bubble liquid can leave a pocky that can harass the appearance. Cost of treatment for chickenpox is cheap, but the skin care cost is expensive, isn’t it?

In addition to use of prescription drugs, some people claim
also operates a traditional way, such as apply a grated young corn on a liquid containing bubbles appear in the body during the treatment. The goal is that scar because chickenpox does not cause a holes or pocked.

Chickenpox Complications

Chickenpox disease is acute, contagious infection of the virus due to chickenpox.
This disease is different from the smallpox that has now stated be eradicated from the earth. Chickenpox generally only infects children. However, in tropical countries such as Indonesia, the disease was also much infects teenagers and adults.

This disease is caused by a varicella virus zooster (virus V-Z). This virus can be found in vesicle liquid, blood and mucous fluid, and may cause zoster herpes disease.

"Someone can be infected by this virus easily, if the body resistance is weak," said
dr Irawan Mangun Atmaja SpA (K) from the Faculty of Medicine, Children's Section, Indonesia University / Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta.

Chickenpox spread through saliva spray or the sick through the liquid out when the bubbles in the skin broken. Infected people can infect this virus 24 hours before the difference in the skin arise until seven days later. "Because very easy to spread, patients have to be isolated until recovered, " Irawan said.

Mentioned in some literature, the disease incubation period ranged 11 to 12 days. At the initial stage (prodromal phase), 24 hours before symptoms develop on the skin aberration, the patient experienced fever, weakness, lazy, have no appetite, and sometimes accompanied by redness on the skin, such as prickly heat.

In the next phase (erupts phase), arises a small red spot that change to bubbles (vesicle) and reddish-colored base. Vesicle fluid changed so muddy after a few days. In three
up to four days this vesicle spread to the entire body, from the body and to face, shoulder, and a member movement.

Around 250-500 bumps will then arose and spread throughout the section, except not on the face, scalp, mouth, in part, eye, including the most intimate body parts. In less than week, these bubbles will dry up and tingle. Within one to three weeks, the dried up scars on the skin will be peeled.

Symptoms experienced by adults are generally more severe than in the people who are still a child. Patients who are usually adults suffer more severe fever and lasts longer with illness head and a more serious injury. Adult patients are also usually loss of appetite and felt shooting pain in the body.

If infect children, most complications form as a varicel infection on the skin. Meanwhile, the adults, especially smokers, possible complications occur as pneumonia (pneumonia) 10-25 times higher than in children. Complications are rare but can occur as encephalitis, bone marrow inflammation, failure liver, hepatitis, and the difference in the brain and heart.

Organ inflammation

Pneumonia is usually due to secondary infection and can be perfectly cured. Inflammation after organ recovery can leave residual symptoms, such as convulsions, mental retardation, and natural disturbances behavior. In children with normal immune systems, complications-complications are rarely found. "But there are also children who the strain due to the water exposed to smallpox, "said Irawan.

Although the disease is very common, people should not belittle this disease and immediately go to the doctor for observation to prevent complications. However, parents of chickenpox patient should refuse the treatment if given symptomatic, such as aspirin and a type of salicylic, because only effective for short-term and feared can causes Reye syndrome complications.

To prevent infection, patient of chickenpox should be isolated from the children or healthy people who have never had chickenpox until the bump that contain fluids become dried up and flake off. During this drying process, chickenpox spread easily to others. Clothing, towels, plates, and equipment belonging to other people also belong to a member separated from other families apart and cleaned.

So that the bubble is not broken, the anti-itchy powder usually given in affected skin. This powder also reduces the itchiness and speed desiccation injury. Fingernails should be cut short to prevent infection of the bacteria on the skin that itch. However, when there is bacterial infection, your doctor will give you the antibiotics. Patient are encouraged bathing, changing clothes, and bed sheet every day.

The chickenpox healing will be achieved quickly when the common patients are kept so that still well. Therefore, the quality and quantity of food for chickenpox patients need to be guarded. If the resistance continues to increase, the process of healing will be running quickly. "As a precaution, the vaccine can reduce the risk of water exposed to smallpox. Even if wrong, is not to severe, " Irawan said.

Arthritis

Arthritis or the joints soreness is the term of rheumatism articular
(the joints), known in various forms, among the most general
namely Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Gout (arthritis pirai).

Symptoms or signs of arthritis in general are:

• Joint feel stiff and sore when being moved
• The swelling on one or several joint
• On the joint that is pain will look reddish color
• Fever, fatigue and pain that accompanies the joint.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease of the joints degenerative-joints.
On this disease decrease the function of cartilage, especially
sustain some of the weight of the body and often in a joint
often used. Osteoarthritis is a common disturbance at the age of
information, often seen as a consequence of changes
in bone with age continued.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a serious form of arthritis, is caused
by chronic inflammation that is progressive, involving
joint. Marked with pain and swelling in the joints, especially joints
fingers on the hand, wrist, elbow, and knee.

Other marks the joint feel stiff, especially in the morning, feeling
tired and weak, the muscle feels taut, and the joint feels hot
appear red and may contain liquids, cold sensation in the
feet and hands because of the interruption of blood circulation.

Gout arthritis or better known as the acid is a stiff fiber or
acute joint inflammation caused by too many acid production
fiber (uric acid) that is a product out that accumulate in the network
body, or because of kidney failure to dispose of acid in the blood vessel
quite a number. Plant or herbal medicine that is used to
arthritis treatment works as anti-inflammation (anti-inflammation),
reduce pain (analgesic), improving blood circulation, as
diuretic / improve kidney function in the discharge of sediment, and
increase the body's immunity. It also assisted with the sports
to improve joint mobility, but of course adjusted
with the condition of the body.

Misleading Myths about the Measles Disease

In the measles patients, the condition of the body that can cause complications weak. Respiratory tract infection the top of the already suffered will spreading to the lower respiratory tract, bronchus, and lungs, so that occur the bronchitis and pneumonia long onsteeking, caused the secondary infections by germs.

Therefore, to help the healing process, the patient must be strong measles. Nutritious food such as meat, milk and eggs is very important to be added to the food menu measles patients. Avoid foods and beverages that contain of sugar or sweet. Due to digest sugary food, the body needs more vitamins, especially vitamin B. If continue to consumes sugary food, the body is concerned will suffer vitamin B deficiency, the condition of the body to become weak, because of the production of white blood cell that is late. While white blood cells have an important role in the formation of bodiy’s immune.

Measles is spread through saliva spray. Measles virus attack and multiply in the mucous membrane of on the top of respiratory tract. Come in throughout the blood circulation, and then attack the body. Because all the white blood cell types (particularly monosit), then there were a decrease in body resistance. So, the early symptoms of measles is a disease of the signs such as top side of respiratory tract infections.

The body’s temperature rise of up to 400C. After five days, the body temperature down and arise The speck red, starting from the back of the ear, and spread to the entire body. The red speck will gradually disappeared after five days. The passage of measles disease may be more mild if the patient has a strong body resistance.

There are several misleading myths about measles. one of them is: people with measles should not bathe and never exposed to wind. Allegedly, if the measles patient bathe or exposed to wind, measles virus can not exit the body and will remain in the body. This myth causes the measles patient be in a sealed room and stuffy due to lack of air ventilation. While treatment, such as this, it can lead to complications, the lung wet which can cause death. Stuffy room make patients lack of oxygen. The high temperature of rooms can also cause dehydration and the patient experienced power than the body becomes weakened. So the steps are the most well put measles patient in the open air room with good circulation. Select the rooms that are open.

Keep in mind, measles does not have medicine. Many drugs that have been circulated, and being believed, in fact can not be proved correct. Measles disease will recover by the body itself. Body’s immune is the only cure of the disease determines measles. Because related to the body's immune, then vaccination is important for the prevention of measles. The provision of vaccination for the disease mumps and rubella, the MMR injection form (measles, mumps, and rubella) should be given to the children aged nine months, and repeated at the age of 15 months. MMR should be repeated before the age of 12 years.

Eye Tumor Symptoms

Melanoma can be called as a malignant eye tumor disease. But, it is not the only one we should scare. Actually there are three families of tumor, that are: adneksa, orbita and Metastasis. Melanoma including in the family of adneksa. Other than melanoma, adneksa tumor family (ruler lid and white eye membrane) also including basalioma, adenocarsinoma, and carcinoma cell squamosa.

Melanoma symptoms

If the shape of melanoma is a black speck, basalinoma shaped like a stained wound located at the tip of the lid. This will not be lost just by giving antibiotics. while adenocarsinoma similar shapes a repeated bump that grows in one place. Cute in its shapes that make adenocarsinoma often being belittled. Adenocarsinoma classified to a 'die hard', often grow back after the surgery.

Adneksa last family member, carcinoma cells squamosa, identified as a small bump that is growth on the border in the skin and eyes. It can also appear between the black and white side of the eye. Existence that is known since the early, can be taken completely. But if kept, this tumor can penetrate to the back side of the eye. The troubling eye must be taken in whole.

Different to adneksa tumor family, the orbita tumor family have a habit, mass pile up at the back of the eyeball. So that one of the patients eye seen protruding out. If the tumor mass derived from the organ of it self, is called the mass rimer. But if it comes from other organs, the tumor appears to be rated in the Metastasis family. Orbita tigerish can develop quickly, between two month to one year since the first symptoms appear. This tumor also cause pain that extraordinary. To ensure the highest level of orbita tumor violence, the patient must undergo several examinations including CTScan. Meanwhile, to support the diagnosis, almost always to be done a biopsy (sample of tumor) first. from there will know what steps need to be carried out to cure the patient. Whether through surgery, through chemotherapy or radiation. Irradiation is done if the tumor is the distribution of local (only in the eye area), whereas chemotherapy was performed if the tumor has spread to other body parts.

Patients with violent Orbita who choose surgery way, must think in long-term. Because this tumor removal process will be very extreme. Nearly all the eyes will be lifted. Start from eyelid, eyeball, to all contained within the back of the ball. So that left only the bones, the bones around the eye only. Utilizing of the imitation eye, may be allowed, at least two months after the surgery is completed.

Metastasis eye tumor

This type of tumor is not caused from the eye, but the result of other organs in the body such as brain tumor, kidney, liver prostate, breast and bowel.

The manifestation of Metastasis tumor is generally the same as the orbita, so the taking care is similar. as a note, if the tumor is the eye (Metastasis), that means the main tumor (breast, liver etc) is located on the end of the stadium.

Outside the three main families of tumor, there is still another type of eyeball tumor. One is retino blastoma. Symptoms are, eyes shine like cat eyes in the night. In the early stages, this tumor can be taken complete with laser rays eye or lifting the ball without the lid. But if it became too violent, there is no way other than chemotherapy.

The eye tumor was not only attacks the eyes, but also other organs. All the malignant tumor has spread of a serious power. Basalioma is become the only one that is not spread, although still cause a very serious local destruction.

Urinary Incontinence Guidelines

Someone is said bedwetting when he can not hold urine at the time of discharge or place that is not desired. urine is produced by kidney and accommodated by bladder. During the gathering process, urethra must close. Once the bag is full, there will be reflect want to urinate. In this time, the urethra is opened. If the mechanism is not running properly, then there is an urinary incontinence.

Causes

Urinary incontinence (bedwetting) causes can be divided into two. The bladder dysfunction, urethral dysfunction, or a mixture of both. Bladder dysfunction can be divided into two kinds, namely Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI). This type is caused by bladder nerve that is too sensitive, so that urine hurried exit. The second is called Over Flow Incontinence (OI). Caused by bladder nerve which is not very sensitive enough, so that the bladder becomes too full, and then overflows to the outside. Nerve that is not sensitive can caused by certain diseases, such as chronic diabetes, enlargement Prostate gland and spinal injuries.

Urethral dysfunction can be divided into 2, namely, Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI). Because of the pressure from the get around that is push the bag urine, or because the base of pelvis muscle that is weak, for example, is too often give birth. Stress urinary incontinence experienced by many women.

Handling

To heal bedwetting, the doctor will do diagnoses, consisting of anamnesis (interview), physical examination, laboratory examination, supplementary examination (urodynamic, urine residues).

Interviews conducted for the medical records of patients, whether they had suffered a particular disease such as diabetes, etc Prostate gland enlargement

Physical examination, usually carried out by inserting a kind of cotton or tissues to know the sex of the patient make it or not, when asked to cough.

Laboratory examination is done to check the urine. whether there is a possibility of infection by the bacteria E. coli.

Urodynamic examination was conducted to measure the bladder nerve sensitivity.

The diagnostic results from the doctor will determine the action that must be made, based to urinary incontinence causes.

In the case of urgency urinary incontinence, first, the doctor will take action behavior therapy. in this therapy, patients are asked for a healthy pattern of living, avoid cigarettes, alcohol and caffeine. If this therapy failed, the doctor will perform pharmacologic therapy, with anti cholinergic drugs, to decrease the level of bladder nerve sensitivity. If this therapy also failed, the only way is to perform surgery.

Surgery for urinary incontinence is done to increase the capacity collection of bladder. bladder is splited, and added with illeum (small intestine) with this surgery, it is expected that the volume of urine can cause the urethra to be open more.

Handling over flow incontinence with similar urgency urinary incontinence. First of all be patient behavior therapy, one with kegel exercise. If this therapy is fails, continue with pharmacologic therapy. If it still fails then do catheter. People will be trained to install the catheter. each time when the bladder is already full of urine, the patient can immediately install catheter.

Action of the surgical stress urinary incontinence is done in a way binding ligamentum (network buffer ligament) on the bone or pubis with installing sling, a kind of rope made from synthetic materials. Both intended to support the urethra so that the original position.

Alternative action is injected with the agent such as Silicon or teflon on the bladder neck. This aims to replace the function of the pelvic base muscles weak.

With the appropriate therapy, the patient will not being embarrassed again by the urinary incontinence problem.

Skin Disorders that need to be Alerted

Skin is the part of body which is very important for a woman. Skin clean and beautiful treated become the main requirement to appear beautiful and attractive. Therefore, skin disorder, any small, need to be alerted. To which has become a serious disease.

Although seemingly trivial, the skin appeared to be interference with the very appearance of a woman. Beside harass the appearance, some type of the skin disruption often seen such a risk was also fatal, and medical operation action must be taken.

Following explanation of the medical specialist skin Griya Ayu Citra, Jakarta, Dr. S.C. Kurniati, Sp.KK, about skin disorders that need to be alerted:


Mole (nevus pigmentosus)

Mole is actually benign tumor, which can be changed malignancy (melanoma). "If the mole on the edge of eyes or edge of lips and large, it will disrupt. Usually appointed with the medical operation (surgery), " Kurnia said.

Moles that should be alerted because has a risk of violence are: mole that grows rapidly, changes to surface swollen, and often prickly. In addition, caution is also if the mole bleed easily.

Keratosis seboroik

Have you ever observing the spots of blackish brown appears on the surface of skin of an advanced age? it's called keratosis seboroik. Size varies with the form of rounded or oval. Instead factors of age, keratosis seboroik can also be caused by fat or also due to sun exposure. To overcome this problem, usually with sunblok use each time you have activities outside the home. If necessary, can be removed with elektrocauter surgery (surgical electricity).

Melasma

Melasma is a kind of interference having a form like a flake or brown or black speckle that does not uniform that usually appear on the face. In addition to the face, can also appear in the neck, arms, or hands. The cause of melasma can be due to the cosmetics that are less appropriate because of hormonal factors (such as the women who are pregnant). Melasma can also appear due to exposure sun. Sun exposure increase the activity and the number of melanosit, the cells that produce melanin. Result, the production of melanin excessive. To overcome or eliminate melasma, can be done with the bleaching agent (bleach) and topical drugs.

Freckles

Usually attack the white (race of Caucasus). Children, usually appear the brown darkness speck in their nose or cheek. The cause of freckles or often be called sproeten. This caused by genetically factors or because of sun exposure. To overcome this, we can use the bleaching agent, or removed with the laser.

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a harmful form of whiteness spots that appear on skin (not a genetically factor or race). Different with the fungi, such as skin fungus with blotches for example, vitiligo does not cause itchiness. Vitiligo caused damage to pigment cells, so the pigment does not form. Generally, vitiligo appear around the face, scalp, and neck. The speck was initially only small, but the longer appear increasingly out and spread. Vitiligo normal appear on the black, can occur due to the cosmetics that are less appropriate or auto immune factors. Pigment color (melanin) does not formed and the color maker cells does not work attacked by the body itself.

It requires special treatment and routine, both with drugs and irradiation. Can also corticosteroid. If vitiligo is severe (wide), the patients usually ask to bleach their skin all at once.

Pityriasis alba

Often appear in school-age children (6 - 16 years) have allergy history, especially those who like outside activities under the rays the sun or swim. Appear in front of The speck of white rounded-oval shaped, not prominent, and sometimes itchy. Instead children, adults can also experience this interference. To overcome or prevent pityriasis alba, should use sun block during outside activities (including when you are swimming, should use sun block).

Cyst

A bump shaped like a small hard pimple used. Cyst occurs because of the blocked of perspiration channel. Because the fluid can out too thick, or the pimple that is not used and lost changed to cyst. Cyst is usually discarded with the medical operation.

Wrinkles (wrinkles)

This skin disorder is usually associated with the age of the spread increases. The wrinkles do not only attack the parents. Young age people can experience wrinkles. One of the wrinkles caused by psychological factors. Stress, for example, can make a wrinkled in face, although still young. Wrinkles can also appear as sun exposure. But not to worry, wrinkles can eliminated with the anti-drug wrinkles, laser, or by chemical Peeling. Which is also important to prevent the emergence of that psychic interference.

In addition to the above disturbances, disruption of the skin that is very familiar with us is the acne disease. The multi factorials, because the genetically factor, can be also due to environmental factors. For example, the consumption of fatty foods. Despite appear trivial, can also be a pimple worse and broad. If already here, usually to be done to overcome the medical operation, for example, with the action of plastic surgery. Therefore, the pimple should be addressed as early as possible, can with topical drugs and diet.

Have Positive Thinking!

Proved, psychological factors contribute the role to trigger the emergence of skin disturbance. One of them is wrinkles. However, other than to keep psychological conditions remain healthy, there are some things you should also done, to keep skin healthy.

1. Consumption of food containing the balance nutrient. Avoid junk food, especially in children because of the long-term impact is not good for skin health.
2. Keep the mental health, does not stress or depression. Get used to think positively.
3. Always, try to get enough rest, sleep at least six hours a day.
4. Perform regular skin care, for example with solvents, face every day, or every time you want to have outside activities, do not forget to wear sun block. Use the right clothes is also to keep the skin avoid sun exposure. For example, use long-sleeve shirt to avoid the sun exposure.
5. Avoid using cosmetic products that the contents are not clear. Contact the doctor to ensure that cosmetic products that you safe use.
6. Drinking enough water is white, at least 8 glasses (2 liters) per day. For those with greater body weight, consumption of white water it is also added, for example, up to 3 liters per day.
7. Avoid consumption of coffee, cigarettes or alcohol, and consumption more fruits.

Insomnia Treatment

In general, the sleep disturbance appears in three forms. Insomnia, difficulty falling asleep and maintain it. Hyper insomnia, sleeping too much, always sleepy during the day, Or always sleepy during the day. And last, parasomnia, which is interference that appears, during or at the border appear to sleep and wake up to sleep. For example, during sleep walk, talk, and crackled teeth.

What is Insomnia

Insomnia sleep disturbances become the most common, occur in all age, and may be temporary, short term or yearly. On temporary insomnia, difficulty going to sleep occurred for a few days until less than four weeks. Most common cause is due to stress or depression. If the causes of stress or overcame depression, insomnia will be cured by itself. That need to be aware is chronic insomnia. Difficult to sleep every night for more than six months.

Cause of Insomnia

• In addition to stress, insomnia can also be caused by the influence of lifestyle, alcohol, coffee, cigarettes, febrifuge and asthma. Shift work and clubbing are also potentially disrupt the body's biological day, to regularly awake or sleeping on the same day.
• Environmental factors can also cause insomnia. Situation that are too crowded or rowdy, sound of the train, and the traffic for example.
• Physical disturbances such as sore joints, headache, prostate, asthma can also cause insomnia.

insomnia treatment

BEARS method

The handling of chronic insomnia is to get patients to sleep history, through the medical interview, with the BEARS method, ie, B (bed time), E (excessive day time sleepiness), A (awakenings), R (regularity and duration of sleep), S (snoring) .

Bed time – it is needed to decipher what happened in the period prior to sleep, how long it take to fall asleep, what is difficult to disrupt sleep, and how long the disruption lasts.

Excessive day time sleepiness - are required to know the feeling of heavy drowsiness during the day, if you want to sleep when not desired, for example, while reading, chatting, or Moor increased television watching.

Awakening - is required to view the characteristics awakened from sleep at night or morning. What causes awakened (pain, shortness of breath), how often, how long already, why it is difficult to fall asleep again, and feeling that in you get in the morning.

Regularity and duration of sleep - is needed to describe the sleep habits. how many hours sleep and start the day began to wake up sleeping in the morning. whether feel enough sleep, whether shift work is being happy or clubbing.

Snoring - is required to disclose the existence of obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), the difference is marked stoppage of recurrent respiratory tract during sleep. Usually accompanied with snore and a decreasing in the flow of oxygen in the blood. People with this disease usually does not feel fresh, sweaty, angry, and easily forgotten, less concentration when wake up in the morning. On the day, people with this disease are also often sleepy, even have the impotency.

So from the BEARS can be causes of insomnia. Whether because of psychological factors, lifestyle, environment or physical. results will be used to determine what action should be taken to cure insomnia. whether simply changing lifestyles, changing thought patterns, the provision of drugs or the equipment to perform certain sleep laboratory.

Handling Insomnia

Temporary insomnia (due to stress)

The psychological, if you are experiencing stress that causes insomnia, a person tends to be flat-out trying to sleep, which is called a learned or psycho physiological insomnia. Unfortunately, this effort would continue to make people awake with a feeling anxious. Some people can fall asleep quickly, even when they leave the bed ago in the sofa reading books or watching TV. However, if this lasts up to a month, sleep cycles can be disrupted and improve care.

This insomnia can be solved with improving sleep habits and reduce the concerns that are not necessary. The practical way that usually be done is using Sleep Restriction (SRT), which was developed by Arthur Spielman (1987), that is the way to record average bedtime for two weeks. time spent in bed, plus 30 minutes each week. If you already have increased sleep time, time is what is used for standard length bed.

The next therapy is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to dispel misconception that the sleep time is 8 hours each night. This therapy is used to overcome the feeling of getting less sleep quality, if someone asleep for 6.5 hours only or less.

People with insomnia are advised to turn off lights, as darkness will stimulate the brain to produce melatonin stimulate the eye closed.

In the narcolepsy patients (prolonged slumber), the anti depressant and Stimulation can heal completely within a month.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, ordinary experienced to people who have a large diameter of the neck, lower jawbone pulled in, and over weight. People with this disease need to receive attention because of Obstructive Sleep Apnea can cause stroke, coronary heart, and hypertension.

People with Obstructive Sleep Apnea recommended to do Sleep Labolatory using polysomnography equipment, which will measure the activity during sleep, the brain waves, muscle tension, eyeball movement and leg, the flow of respiration, heart rate, and degree of oxygen in blood. The results used to determine how treatment. have overcome a significant change to the way the position of sleep. Sloping or prone to eliminate snore. There are to be solved with Positive Airway pressure (CPAP), and the kind of mask that is easy to use themselves. When breath stopped CPAP will provide direct pressure that encourages oxygen enter the body.

Crackled teeth

For crackle teeth interference, just by using oral appliance, such as rubber so that the tongue is not bitten.

Recognize Coughing

Coughing is a symptom and not the disease. Generally, the cough associated with respiratory illness in the channel, lungs, heart, stomach, and emotional disturbances.

Therefore, to treat coughs should be completely known cause. Everyone is coughing once. In fact, the baby was already there with a cough. Including cough is most often being sighed, but also the most often considered to be negligible. Coughing is usually the emergence of flu as usual. However, if you have excessive cough and cough so the start is not as regular cough.

Natural, cough is the actual body defense mechanism to protect the lungs and respiratory channels by a foreign object because of the disrupt in the air. When coughing, the body cleaning the airways associated with the respiratory.

There is an inflammation or irritation to the respiratory tract mucous layer, allergy to dust, cigarette smoke, vehicle smoke, fumes or chemicals cause someone to cough.

Is the throat while breathing. In the throat, there is a lot of hair that always move shakes and wipe function that enter a foreign object. If you're in the mop up will be a cough reflex to protect the respiratory tract for smooth circulation of air.

Coughing is a disease with a simple light. Factors as causes of turnover from the outside because the seasons, allergies, the air is dirty, be someone who is suffering from cough.

Cough most often suspected being suffered by many people at the transition of seasons. When the transition occurs, suddenly the air temperature change which is very influential in the health body. (various sources)

How to Tread Halitosis

Halitosis is the result from metabolism of bacteria Located in the mouth cavity and the rest of the food, a volatile gas called Sulfur Compound (VSC). This gas consists of hydrogen sulfide, metil merkaptan, dimetil disulfide, and dimetil sulfide. These substances always generated in the process of metabolism of bacteria or normal flora of mouth cavity. VSC so in normal circumstances there is always a hole in everyone's mouth.

The increasing activity occurred because VSC can measure oxygen in the mouth that is too low. That is when saliva production (saliva) decreased. Can also because of the caries (tooth decay).

Causes of halitosis

There are several types of bacteria inside the mouth contribute to mouth odor (halitosis), namely prophyromonas ginggivalis and bacteriodes forsythus. But, mouth odor can also be caused by health conditions ear, nose, and stomach. but the most common, is caused by mouth cavity bacteria and dental damage. So if we diligently brush teeth and rinse, but still having halitosis, it is cause by the possibility that other factors such as ear infections, tonsillitis, sinus infection, or even because of the symptoms of kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, or due to difference in the alimentary tract.

The outside factors

Besides aberration caused by the body, halitosis can also be caused by factors outside the body like foods. Several types of food such as coffee, alcohol or foods such as garlic, onion and smoking habits for example. Dehydration can also cause mouth odor, because of the dryness. Evidence, each time we wakeup, we become less mouth odor, don’t we?

From experience, complaints about health care in the mouth is very rare. Usually, it started from trachea inflammation, which then extended to other problems. Sore throat it self, can be caused by the irritation, allergy or infection from the virus. to note, in the mouth, there are 225 types of bacteria, and 200 of them are viruses. But as far as our endurance healthy body, the virus is not dangerous.

Halitosis cure

Following are some halitosis prevention tips

• Keeping the teeth and mouth health.
  
  Brush your teeth twice daily, morning and night before bed. brush your tongue, because the surface of the tongue that is not flat, allowing the rest of the food may still stick to / behind. Use dental floss to completely go over.
  
  Gargle with mouthwash which contain a good antiseptic for the mouth health. But it can not be done every day and constantly. because this can damage the ecosystem in the mouth. Besides mouthwash medicine usually contain of alcohol that cause the production of saliva decreases.
  
  Salt and halitosis
  
  The better is gargle with a glass of water mixed with little salt. This solution is quite effective to press the bacteria treponema denticola, prophyromonas ginggivalis, bakteriodes forsythus which cause halitosis. Gargle should be up in trachea. I try to gargle by your face upwards. But be careful do not swallow it.
  
  
• Chewing gum
  
  Chewing gum that is sweetless or not sugary can also help stimulate saliva production, especially for those with thick saliva.
  
  
• Selective food
  
  Choose foods that naturally. Actual saliva in the mouth naturally functions as solvents. But eating the modern food causes saliva can not function maximally. So, limit the consumption of junk food, fast food and other modern foods. Increase vegetables and fruit consumptions. Fiber content in foods and liquids can help in the process of self-cleaning of teeth and preventing tooth damage. Apples and oranges can dispel the smell mouth for a while. So while the smells mouth, eating only the fruit is.

If the smell is still not sapid be naughty for a week, flee consult with a dentist. there may be a hollow teeth or there caries.

If there is any smell of the mouth accompanied by a fever or cough and phlegm, symptoms of this can be abses tuberculosis. In this case the dentist will refers to medical specialist.

About the inflammation of trachea, people often do wrong when doing self remedy, by drink an antibiotic drugs. New drugs may be given antibiotics if the doctor has judge as infection.

Tuberculosis in Children

Tuberculosis disease is often found in children. It is true that this disease is more frequently found in the environmental community that lives less healthy and low incomes. However, it did not mean that they have been living healthy and adequate nutrition may not contagious.

We can be contagious germs of tuberculosis (TB) if contact with tuberculosis patients. Your child can be in contact with people outside the home because he was already in school. At home he was not only the contact with the parents and his sisters or brothers, but also possible with the adjuvant, a driver, or others who live in your home.

Immunization against tuberculosis cannot fully guarantee your child will not be exposed to TB. Tuberculosis diagnosis in children sometimes not easy.

You are lucky because the diagnosis done successful. Live therapy is conducted properly. TB drug therapy is available in Indonesia so that the complete success of the therapy is determined more by patient adherence to drink the medicine.

Tuberculosis therapy is done with a combination of anti-tuberculosis (oat) drug treatment, at least for six months. Therapy usually begins with the intensive phase of two months. At this phase of oat is usually given four different and then proceed with further phases of the amount of medicine a little more (usually two).

Please note, the drug, long intensive phase, and duration of therapy depends on the overall situation of the disease. You can ask your child to the doctor about the therapy design.

I am glad you are also concerned about the side effects because the medicine can help your awareness of the possibility of occurrence of these side effects. However, I also hope that you are not too afraid of side effects because oat general side effects are not severe and if there can be overcome. You also need to know only a small part of the oat drink the medication side effects, so that drug side effects problems hopefully not lessen the intention of oat therapy to your child.

Of different types of oat, I will only discuss side effects INH, rifampisin, etambutol, and pirazinamid. INH side effect is hepatitis (liver inflammation), The frequency is low in children. In the adult hepatitis due to INH can range 0.3 to 3 percent. Other side effects are neuropati (feeling of pins in the feet and hands), but usually can be overcome by giving the medicine vitamin B6. While the side effects commonly found in the aberration is rifampisin skin (itching), and hepatitis. Etambutol can cause side effects on the eye, but the frequency is less than 1 percent. However, in the etambutol should do the monitoring. Pirazinamid can also cause side effects on the heart.

In general, if side effects occur, oat suspended or re-used with the dose gradually or replaced. Generally, side effects can be overcome oat and oat therapy can be continued until the patient recovered.

With the attention and support you as a mother, I believe your child will be able to complete the therapy and achieve healing from tuberculosis disease.

Lyme Disease

Lyme disease (LD) is considered as one of the most serious diseases in the United States, until Congress established to discussed it.

What causes lyme disease

Bacterium that causes lyme disease is bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. This bacteria is found by dr. Burgdoferi. The bacteria live in the sub-tropical countries to countries with cool climate, such as Europe and some parts of in the United States.

How is lyme disease transmitted

Lyme disease is transmitted by lice Lxodes scapularis, lxodes pacificus or lxodes dammini the life cycle moved. While the shape flyblow, this lice stickto small animals such as rabbits and mice. During nymph phase (can not fly, have amounted to six feet, this living lice stick to the larger animals, such as dogs, goats, horses or deer. A new phase in the adult, this can stick to the lice in humans.

Lice that contain burgdoferi bacteria penetrate into human body through the bite on the skin and blood. Bites cause a red rash like other former insect bite. but a typical, red rash is moved (erythema migrans).

At the beginning of this stadium, it is treated easily, generally lyme disease cure using drugs from the tetracycline. In two four-week untill Lyme disease will disappear. But many people do not realize, and considered as a normal insect bite. And also some times, lyme disease misdiagnozed as alzheimersThis is dangerous, because this disease can develop to the next stadium, where the bacteria burgdoferi attack other organs, such as the alimentary tract, muscles and nervous system.

Lyme disease symtoms

Symptoms of lyme disease vary in this stadium. There is a continuous headache, blurred vision, hallucination, acute fatigue and continue to feel sleepy and psychiatric disturbances (if the bacteria is attacked nervous system). in this stadium, using tetracycline treatment is not effective anymore. Medicine should be replaced with the type of doksisiline, krolide or combination of both. Price of this medications type are very expensive.

Treatment for Lyme disease

Lyme disease treatment is not easy. Serology test can not be specifically used to identify Lyme disease. Negative results, not necessarily to prove someone escaped from the attack of this disease. Lyme disease test must be tested through ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay), BAT (borreliacidal antibody test), and PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

Understanding Stroke Symptoms

Stroke attack with sudden, rapid and fatal. It is therefore very important to know the 5 classic stroke symptoms, including early symptoms of stroke in women. Stroke is the cause of death to 3 in the United States, after heart disease and cancer. Stroke cause of disability speech, movement control, and retention. In addition to warning symptoms of stroke, men and women who have a risk of stroke need to start following the basic guidelines to prevent stroke.

Symptoms of stroke

Stroke can attack the brain and kill brain cells. The stroke sufferer will had difficulty to perform the following three things: smile, raise both hands and speak simple sentences. Although the stroke attack only lasted a few minutes, you need help immediately, because time is very valuable and important in the case of stroke. Immediately call the hospital if they show signs below:

• Sudden confusion or difficulty speaking and understanding
• Baal or sudden weakness in the face, arm or feet (usually occur on one side the body)
• Sudden blurred vision or difficult to see with one or both eyes
• Sudden dizziness or difficult roads, loss of balance and coordination body
• Sudden headache that is not normal and without causes

Symptoms of stroke in women

Fifth sign of the disease is a common symptom of stroke. Research shows the last stroke symptoms in women include:

• Sudden pain in the face, arms and legs
• Fainting, convulsions or fall due to accident
• Sudden weakness and nausea
• Sudden rapid heart throb
• Sudden hiccup or short of breath, suffocating

Third of stroke victims die, and many survivors ended with a disability.

Stroke Prevention

80% of all stroke attacks can be prevented through the following steps:

Eat and have a healthy diet
Keeping the heart healthy diet can reduce the risk of stroke

Lower blood pressure
If you a hypertension sufferer, take steps to lower blood pressure naturally to normal numbers.

Prevent diabetes
Diabetes increase risk of stroke. Use the guide index glikemik to help manage the sugal level of blood.

Stop smoking
Stop smoking habits

Manage triglyceride
High level of triglyceride increase the risk of stroke. Check it and if high, do diet to reduce triglyceride naturally.

Keep cholesterol in normal level
high cholesterol increase the risk of stroke. Check it and if high, do diet to lower cholesterol naturally.

Obesity
Excess body weight can increase the risk of stroke. Make a diet to lose weight to become normal.

Limit alcohol
Do not drink more than 1 glass a day.

Decrease stress
Use tips to manage stress how to find healthy reduce stress

Organized sports
Only the sport with 30 minutes exercise a day are, can help lower blood pressure, cholesterol level, triglyceride, Obesity and stress.

Pre Menstruation Syndrome

The coming period is a time that always be expected by most women. When the period came late, it will cause a worry, perhaps something has happened in the body of the woman.

If only a late period, usually for most doctors is not so difficult to overcome. By providing medicines fisher period, the problem can be overcome. But there is one more problem for some women, the time period will appear, will always be accompanied with a sense of fear. If you can, better do not have menses come. Usually 7 to 10 days before menstruation, arising qualm, quick-tempered, easily offended, afraid or nervous feeling excessive, the body weak, flatulence, breast pain, trouble sleeping, decreased appetite, difficulty concentrating.

A husband who does not know anything often being scolded, so often the husband who came to the doctor, told about the difference in the nature of his wife. A complaint mentioned above is an aberration, which is known by the term pre-menstrual syndrome, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PPMD). This difference is found on many women's reproductive age and the age of menopause. The typical deviation from this is, when the complaint period, and will disappear by itself once the curse come.

The main problem caused by PPMD is interference in the women's own self and family, loss in the field of industrial and commercial, and in a larger scale is a loss on the national economy. Problems associated with a decrease in work productivity due to increased attendance, activity in the workplace disturbed for 7 to 10 days, and this is the same as the 84 - 120 days per year, and is a loss of personal and social meaning.

The cause of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PPMD) certainly not known until now. Many theories are presented by experts. One is the role of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Generally, the period found the increasing of progesterone hormones, and hormone estrogen decrease. Women look more calm, can do things easily, relaxed, lazy, but according to the excessive work. Once the period appear and 10 days after menstruation, in which the hormone estrogen level increased, women look very active, always want to work, and never to do something quiet. Suspected in a certain degree of estrogen in the blood, occurs cell-stimulation activity brain cells, while hormone activity progesterone pressing the brain cells.

From this information, the woman suspected in the PPMD found estrogen increased rate over the period. Throughout our experience dealing with women's PPMD, we found increased estrogen level in the menstrual blood. However, apparently not all women with PPMD we found between increased estrogen, so it is suspected that there are other factors involved in the incident premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PPMD).

The estrogen level is high, in addition to triggering cellular activity excessive brain, Retention also cause body fluids, such as the breast, leg, and also in the brain. Women complain breast pain, legs feel heavy, headache and excessive, and sometimes convulsions can occur. Strain-a strain of menstruation is often diagnosed as epilepsy, so that not infrequently given drug anti-convulsive medication.

Because it is caused by a high estrogen level, is then treated with the anti-estrogen hormones. anti-estrogen hormone that is famous progesterone. Progesterone usually given with a dose of 10 mg / day, from day-to-16 to 25 menstrual cycles. To remove the fluid from the body network, a diuretic drugs can be given until the next menstruation. Then very low salt diet is recommended.

Need to realize that the treatment with the hormone progesterone take a long time, so patience is required from the woman. Side effects caused by progesterone very little. Progesterone type is the recommended type of natural progesterone, such as didrogesterone, or medroksi progesterone acetate (MPA), because this type of hormones have anti depression property. The type of synthetic progesterone exactly causes a depression (light).

In the situation that the increased of hormone estrogen is not found, or no response to the treatment with progesterone, the adults, especially in developed countries, given antidepressant drugs. One of the popular antidepressant on PPMD is fluoxetine hydrochloride. When the progesterone and antidepressant also does not provide permanent results, it is necessary to search predisposes factors, which could be possible the woman nervous system, such as stress, conflict in the family, or in the workplace.

Lately this has been attempted treatment with a whole way of ovarian function, namely by using the Gn-RH, analog, and the result is much better, when compared with the progesterone only. But just how this treatment is relatively expensive, and can cause complaints such as menopause in women, so that during the Gn-RH-analogue should be given additional hormones estrogen and progesterone. In the UK have tried the estrogen implant, combined with a tablet progesterone, and with this treatment, 2 / 3 of women with PPMD can be cured.

Simple and inexpensive way to deal with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PPMD) is a combination of contraceptive pills, or pills that only contain progesterone components only.

Source: Kompas Online, Monday, 10 January 2005

Acne Treatment

Acne is a normal condition in adolescence. When children enter puberty, pituitary gland start to its active and spent a number of hormones. Hormonal changes stimulate the oil gland in the face to become active. Pustule type that usually appear on the skin of teenagers is acne vulgaris. This acne usually appears on the face, neck, shoulder, back the top, and chest.

Follicle hair found in the skin pore, contain sebaceous gland or oil gland. Gland that produces sebum, the oil that lubricate skin and hair. At puberty, a gland is very active and sometimes produce too much oil.

Acne on woman

Pile dead skin cells and excessive oil production which will make the pore-pore clog skin. This makes the bacteria (called Propionibacterium acnes) will be trapped in the pores and breed. As a result, the skin will be red and swollen so that the milk, and sometimes arise a bump containing pus in it.

Whelk growth in adolescence is not avoided, but there are several ways to reduce the pimple that breed is:

• Wash the face is very important to keep the advance. Face wash will help clean up the excess oil and dead skin cells that may clog the skin pore. However, do not wash your face too often because the skin becomes too dry, or even make a pimple into the red. Use a gentle face soap and in accordance with the type of skin.
• Try a bath after exercise or other activities that make the body is sweating because sweat can clog pore-pore and pimple look worse.
• If you use the product for the skin, such as moisturizer or make-up, look for labels that include non-comedogenic or non-acnegenic because these products do not clog pore-pore.
• Do not ever squeeze pimple because it will make the pimple worse or excited, and will recover when the former lost difficult.

Other steps that can be implemented is to avoid high fatty foods such as meat. Our bodies are basically designed to enjoy the fruits and vegetables, and not meat. Evident from the length of our gut. A carnivore (meat eater animals) have a shorter intestine than humans.

Which is also important, should avoid food with a conserving agent, coloring agent, and food flavoring. All that we easily find food on IM and other food packaging. "The consumption of natural foods are more healthful," he said. Don’t let your acne problem become an acne complex.

Source: Senior

Laser Eye Surgery

Laser eye surgery increasingly popular everywhere. The more people who lasering their eyes, that can appear without glasses or contact lenses. In addition to the purpose of beauty, some people want to free from obligation in using glasses because of the professional demand, like photographer and sportsman.

Many clinics in the Netherlands and abroad that offers laser eye package. To entrap consumers sometimes eye clinic abroad offer package laser eye accommodation plus tickets and lodging costs at the hotel with a price that is almost the same as in the Netherlands. Laser eye is quite safe, although not without risks.

There are many different techniques of laser eye. Below I will explain in brief 2 laser method for aberration refraction the most often used in the Netherlands (Lasik and Lasek).

Usually, laser eye safe. But many people do not know that the risk can be large also. A brother my good friend in Bali, the eyes was blind after get laser eye surgery. This has not been long in the Dutch television reports have impressions about laser eye failed.

Laser

Laser energy is the strong (-ray beam) that can be directed exactly as straight and flat on a small object. Diameter of the beam diffraction is very small, so that it can be used as a scalpel. Use of the laser is applied in the medical world and the various tools (such as a CD or DVD).

Preparation

To be able to undergo laser eye, you should consider a few things. In general, the steps are as follows: check the list of indemnity health insurance or your confirmation prior to your insurance company if they are willing to pay the cost of your laser eye. If not, you must provide a lot of money (in most clinics cost more than € 4000, for a pair of eyes). Request a brochure and price list of laser procedures in some clinics.

In the Netherlands and abroad also have a large difference in price for the same operation and maintenance after surgery. Please count the total price you must pay for full treatment (in all) and the cost of after service (warranty). To inform the clinic of the year how much they offer a warranty when complications occur.

After that you are looking for a good eye doctor (a lot of experience with the laser), who works in the eye clinic (clinic that the success is assured and use the latest tool). This is not easy, but the combination is essential to obtain satisfactory results. Take more time and attention you to search for information!

Finally you must choose a method of laser eye you want. Risk of Lasik and Lasek action more or less the same.

Reading Glasses

Until this has not been possible with the help of laser eye (eye surgery refraction) to help you be free from reading glasses.

The user can select the reading glasses with the help of wave action electromagnetic (CK = Conductive Keratoplasty), action without surgery or the use of laser rays. With the help of this technique the dependence on reading glasses can be reduced and even eliminated altogether.

Eye

The eye is a ball which consists of various layers. In principle, the corrections made on the surface of the cornea and / or on the epitel network. On the laser eye action for people with refraction aberration (refraction aberration is the long eyeball axis deviation or refractive media aberration that far into the causes of myopic, dioptric, and cylinder).

Before Surgery

Eye clinic usually only accept patients from the age of 18-55 years, sometimes up to 60 years also for the actions of LASIK. People with a stable eye (size glass eyes have been stable for 1 year) and the spectacled size + 3.5 (farsighted) to minus 6 dioptric can do laser eye. Each clinic has different health requirements.

Let your eyes initially get a quick scan; action is free in many clinics. If the results of the test is good and you can undergo laser eye, then the clinic will ask for your choice of laser methods. After that they will explain the procedures. Laser process itself short (up to 2 minutes per eye), and you do not need to Inpatient.

Lasik (assited laser in situ keratomileusis) Action

Laser LASIK eye action with action that is most applicable in the world. Tools equipped with the latest laser a eyetracker (pursuivant eye movement).

The first stage of LASIK is the sign in the middle of the cornea and the placement of a ring around the cornea so that the eye can not move. After it was created lamina (flap) on the cornea. At the next stage flap is then opened so that the laser rays can be worked on in the cornea.

Correction was conducted with the laser to change the surface of the cornea. After irradiation is complete, the flap is put back exactly in the place and time in 3-5 minutes will flap attached itself without the need to be sewn.

Cornea can be healed completely, but will not recover as before the laser process! Flap remains attached to the cornea. This place can remain the weak point. Duration irritation (and pain after the laser) is usually shorter action of LASEK.

Lasek (laser epithelial keratectomy sub) Action

The first stage of the lasek is, the epitel layer that is the most shallow of the cornea are removed. After that the surface of the cornea will get laser.

Correction made to change the surface of the cornea. After irradiation is complete, put contact lenses (soft contact lens) on the cornea as a protector. After approximately 4 hours if the layer is cured epitel the contact lens can be removed. Healing process is complete. LASEK appropriate action orang2 with a thin cornea or other irregularities cornea.

After Surgery

Control and critical care after surgery to prevent pain in the eye that arises in the process of healing, infection and complications. Remember that after get a laser your eyes must rest for a while (so you can not steer the car and swim). Usually with the help of eyedrops or take the medicine paracetamol is sufficient to overcome the pain after the operation.

Ranesi (doctor) Suggestions

Please really consider first, if you want to correct your eye which is valuable using laser surgery. If you already intend unanimously, talk first with your acquaintance who has a laser eye on their experience.

Request information to consumers about the organization of doctors and clinics that have a reputation of good. And do not forget to find out whether the clinic has a certificate that is recognized (ISO). You must remember that all the eye clinic is always a promise to provide high-flown, and they very rarely fail to include measures that clearly in their brochure!

If possible, always just one eye for the first that get laser and if the eye has healed well you can continue to the other. This is less practical and a little more expensive, but remember that you only have 2 eyes!

If your insurance company does not pay your treatment and you pay income tax in the Netherlands, then you can ask back a small part of the cost from the tax. First inform the tax office if you have hope to get back your money.

Of course I do not recommend you to not get laser eye surgery to cure your eye. The quality of almost every eye surgery undertaken by the experienced eye doctor in the good clinic is very good.

By: Dr. Syuly J. Karundeng
Source: Wereldomroep Radio Netherlands (RNW)

Heart Diseases

Signs of heart disease or signs that someone will get heart attach, that are:

1. Heart ISCHEMIA because of a lack of blood to the heart artery clog
2. Angina, Angina is signs of heart stoppage in the artery by the substance of fat, which is also called Atherosclerosis

Because of the stoppage, then the blood stream that carries oxygen to the heart is reduced. Angina is usually a few months before the attack got heart (Myocardial Infraction).

Signs of heart attack or Angina, are:

• As though there is pressure on the chest thing
• Pain can spread to the left arm up, left neck, jaw, chest and belly of the left middle of
• the top.
• Squeeze the breath.
• Sweat

For those who do not think experience is usually the signs are not dangerous; flu disease often considered to be normal.

15 percent of heart disease patients do not fell pain after the Angina appear. This phase is called the Silent Angina. Patient's condition at this stage is very dangerous, because the patient does not feel that the signs of heart attack is near.

Angina will be disappear by itself after the patient rested Nitroglycerine pills or swallow under the tongue. This can be effective if not too severe and not followed by heart attack. Nitroglycerine pill works widen this artery so that the heart blood vessel that carries oxygen to the heart as food becomes smooth again.

Heart healthy artery is like clean pipes.

Arteriosclerosis (stoppage of the heart artery) begins with the adhesion of fat substance, which is often also as Cholesterol, in the artery wall of the heart.

Cholesterol is always charged as a cause of Arteriosclerosis (stoppage artery). Cholesterol is a fat substance called a lipid that in the process can stick on the artery walls, and clog up. Cholesterol is derived from fatty food or foods, such as brain, heart, tripe, intestine, red meat, and others.

However, our body actually produces cholesterol naturally. Lever (the heart) produce 85% cholesterol that is absorb by the blood, while 15% is derived from our food. So if we run a low-cholesterol diet, which we subtract from it is that 15 percent of which comes from food. While the lever still issue of the 85 percent.

There are two types of cholesterol, “the bad cholesterol" LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol and "the good cholesterol" HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). I assume like this; L.D.L. is a truck carrying waste (cholesterol and triglyceride) later became the substance of the fat removed in the way (artery). Beside H.D.L. is the truck taking garbage and discard it in the disposal. If too much garbage, H.D.L truck become too full and overflow the garbage in the street and then buried in the street (in this case fat substance buried in artery walls) and then can cause congestion. When this new block, for example 30-40 percent less, then the blood that carry oxygen (O2) to the heart are still enough, doctors may not take any action.

Angina occurs when the stoppage block has reached 70% or more. If you do hard exercise, the top of the left chest will be a pain, because the oxygen that is carried by blood from the lungs to the heart is not enough. The adhesion of fat substance will continues, the more the stoppage there were the so-called "heart attack" or Myocardial Infraction.

When the heart attack occurs, block may reach 80 percent or more. Blood Oxygen bring (food) to the heart is not enough. Feel pain from a more severe Angina, although we do 15 minutes of rest or eat Nitroglycerine pills will not help much. Pain in the chest continues. These are the signs of heart attack.

In 20 minutes if you do not "Good Bye", still hopes to live there. If within 48 hours you still have not met the angel and woman, hope to live so much more.

In this case we must immediately go to hospital and called the Cardiologist. If you have not already in 3 hours and get TPA injection (Tissue Plasminogen Actuator) or Streptokinase, then little by little blood will flow again, and wound in the heart of the attack is not widespread. T.P.A. Streptokinase or blood thinning agent is very powerful.

Plastic surgery | Face-Lift Effect in the Youth

Michael Jackson has not been separated from the veil covering the face. His manager argue that Jacko is a feature-name so the call to the superstar-always protected from the various disease germs. Issues miring that veil functions as a cover Jacko faces too often damaged due to undergo plastic surgery.

Can be this gossip is right. For the uterus sister Janet Jackson has been doing plastic surgery for the "beauty" since young age, even many times. According to the plastic surgeon a number of United States (U.S.) recently, the young age of someone to do plastic surgery, the higher the risk.

Plastic surgeon from New York, Dr.David Rapaport has a number of patients consists of young women. They complain, that they have had the face aging process earlier then their expectation. To them, Rapaport do not recommend that plastic surgery before the age above 40 years.

However, the fact, the other said. Published by ABC News, more and more women having an age of 30, who put himself through the face-lift, that is, the skin retraction technique in the face of wrinkles.

"Usually I use the injection of collagen or fat to remove wrinkle in their face," said Dr.Pamela Lipkin, a plastic surgeon who has practice in New York as quoted by ABC News. But, according to Lipkin, in the end they are still not satisfied. In fact the best results will appear when a patient is feeling optimistic after the process-the process.
Rapaport personally own more trust in the individual patient factors. Many people in the age 60-an does not require face-lift has been realized in spite of their increasing old age.

The spreaded trends of the women in the 30s, who do a plastic surgery, do not escape from the observation of the American Society of Plastic surgeon (ASPS). According to them, this trend is a result of the more simple procedures to remain ageless and beautiful. Techniques such as botox injections, skin peeling with chemicals and Liposuction alias fat suction make people think that to become more beautiful ageless very fast and easy. "Patients 30s are the main candidates of the next maintenance action," said Dr.Greg Brahnam, director of plastic surgery in St.Louise University School of Medicine.

According Brahnam, is not normal to wrinkle line drawing in the eye this age group. Furrow at the top of the eye tend to be a genetic factors. Some of the patients is considered as symptoms of early arrival wrinkles will be followed by a wrinkle in the neck and chin.

Aging not stop

Perform plastic surgery for beauty at a young age does not mean the process can stop the aging process. Dr. Charlie Thorne, a plastic surgeon at New York University Medical Center stated, the results from face-lift the average person can make a look 10 years younger.
But it does not mean we will not therefore be older. Aging process will continue running. If we do face-lift at age 60, may be seen as the age of 45 after a face-lift. The result was only just a glance, for ten years and then remain only the patient will still look like 55 years.

Some experts think that the young age of someone undergoing plastic surgery, the big problem they will face. "Many patients under age 35 who undergo plastic surgery because only obsessed in the form of a face," said Dr.Scott Spear of Georgetown University.

Concur with this is Dr.J.Regan Thomas, the division of plastic surgery at the University of Illinois. He said, the root of the problem is more on the inside of the head, not outside. According to Thomas, plastic surgery patients often experience a kind of self-confidence problem related to the appearance.

Most plausible reason why the doctors prefer to conduct face-lift procedures in patients aged above 40 is the occurrence of side effects such as scar. The older a person, the scar will not be seen. This is caused by skin conditions that make a scar that does not spread.

Besides wrinkles in the face of it can hide the scar. So if you determined perform surgical procedures through the plastic face-lift at a young age, then the ready-ready to have a risk of damage and scratch the face. If you are like, can-you need to cover the face veil as Jacko. (mer)

Understanding Influenza Disease

Influenza is a virus infection that attacks the respiratory channel, including the nose, throat, bronchial channel, and lungs. If you include the high-risk flu fell ill, the first defense is a flu immunization each year.

The first of influenza symptom is look like a cold with a fleshy nose, sneezing and sore throat. But a cold usually develop slowly, while the flu tends to be sudden and growing worse than cold.

Influenza symptoms:

• Headache
• Fever 38 degrees centigrade to 40 degrees centigrade
• Pain in the chest
• Missing in appetite
• Tired and weary
• Watery nose and sore throat
• Dry cough
• Insomnia
• Cold and sweaty
• Indigestion
• Muscle pain. Especially the back, arm, leg, and pivot.

Pain usually lasts 3 to 5 days, followed by the feeling tired during the 2 to 3 weeks. Accompanied by symptoms such as above. Despite could develop into more serious, and cause pneumonia, damage to nerves and brain, to cause death, but this is rare. Infectious virus can not be treated with antibiotic. Best medicine is rest and drinking lots of fluids and drugs to overcome the symptoms that arise.

The cause of influenza

Flu virus moves fast through the air in the form of water drop, when someone is infected with this virus, coughing, sneezing, or talking. So we can be infected through the air or through touching objects that has been infected by flu virus.

Influenza is caused by three species (strain) virus: influenza A, B, and C. type A is the most serious, with the most acute symptoms. Can cause a pandemic that devour the soul of the victim and attacked every 10 to 40 years. Example of a flu pandemic occurred in 1918 that 50 million people twitch in the world.

Type B infecting area with more narrow coverage. Symptom of type B is similar with type A but more lightweight. Type C is the most mild symptoms similar to the cold and are not related to the great epidemic.

Influenza risk factors

People who fell ill more at risk of flu include:

• Children aged under five years
• Parents who are over 50 years
• People who have the disease diabetes, heart, kidney disease and lung
• People with a weak immune system due to the influence of drugs or the HIV virus
• Pregnant women
• Those who directly or indirectly in the vicinity of the source of the virus or.

Influenza Complications

If you are healthy, influenza usually will not develop into serious. Although your body does not feel comfortable and pain, flu will usually heal itself without leaving effects. Complications that often occur include:

Ear infections
• Acute sinusitis
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis

From all this, the most common and most serious is pneumococcal pneumonia, serious bacterial infection in the lungs. On the elderly and people with chronic diseases, pneumonia can be shut off. Best protection is vaccination with a pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza.

If you experience symptoms of flu complications, the risk of pneumonia, doctors flee to check. Symptoms of pneumonia are:
Issued a severe cough sputum
Very high fever and pain when breathing in.
If you fell ill bacterial pneumonia, you need to get antibiotic medication.

Influenza medication

Medicine influenza is to simply rest, drink lots of mineral water or other liquids. But in some cases, doctors will usually give a prescription antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir (Relensa).

Drugs that treat influenza virus types A and B is working with the crippling virus enzyme that is required to grow and spread. But this treatment often cause side effects include: dizziness, nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite and difficulty breathing. Treatment can also cause the virus to become more immune to the antiviral.

Alleviate Influenza Symptom

Drugs are sold freely can be used to alleviate the symptoms of influenza.

To treat nasal congestion and sneezing usually treated with antihistamine To treat watery nose decongestant be given, To ease painful joints and muscles and can reduce fever using paracetamol. For cough, is usually not necessary to use drugs, because it will disappear automatically. Except in some cases, where the cough is very harass so a cough medicine needed to be given .

The Use of Coughing Drugs on Children

Coughing is a symptom that most of the children with acute infection on the top of breath channel. In daily practical, the absorption of cough medicines are often not based on understanding and consideration of both the benefits and the risks increase the use of cough medicine that is less rational. For examples, in daily, there are too many absorption of types of cough medicine in a prescription (polipharmacy) and / or the use of doses that are too high, said dr. Rianto Setiabudy, Strategy seminar at The Clinical Approach to the Professional Children Coughing, some time ago, in Jakarta.

There are many cough abating medicine that is used in some countries, for example, codeine, dekstrometorfan, prometazin, various other antihistamine, mucolithic, etc.. Although widely used, in fact some of drugs has some efficacy which does not exceed placebo, the others the efficacy is not based on evidence-based medicine. The note also that, in general, these drugs have side effects.

Based on the occurrence time, the experts generally divide cough in the 2 groups, namely acute cough and cough chronicles. Acute cough will be calm in 1-3 days even if it had not been given any medication for self-limiting.

The medication of acute cough should be based on efforts to find and overcome the causes, not with the type or dose of cough medicine. Cough etiology chronicles the children also appeared frequently with different etiology in adults.

In the medication of cough is recommended to do the watch, wait and review.

In the use of cough medicines should also be understood that cough is one of the defense mechanism of the body is important. Therefore, the cough reflex can not be pressed too great with the drugs, even the manifestation is a dry cough.

Laser Eye Surgery | LASIK (laser-Assisted in situ keratomileusis) Effek, You Must Know

Millions of people of North America do LASIK surgical procedures or laser-Assisted in situ keratomileusis (an aberration correction method for myopic, dioptric/farsightedness, and cylinder). Most satisfied with the results.

However, at this time Food and Drug Administration (FDA) want the warning to the hard material information to patients about the surgical complications occurred kemngkinan harmful.

What is LASIK Surgery

LASIK (Laser Assisted In-situ Keratomileusis) is an action with the refractive laser eye surgery made by ophthalmologic to improve myopia, hipermetropi, and permanently astigmatism. change the shape of cornea curvature, the cornea is the front of the eyeball and see-through. A laser device is used to make the incision flap (layer) on the eye cornea and leaving some still stick to the flap at the end of the cornea.

Before we continue the discussion on LASIK, it's good we discuss a bit about the anatomy, especially the part in this action LASIK.

Human eyeball has three layers:

• Fibrosa layer consisting of cornea and sclera
  Sclera consists of layers of fibrosa enwrap 5 / 6 to the back of the eyeball. Vision for the future through conjunctiva bulbaris ( "the white of the eye").
  Cornea is the transparent part of the mantle fibrosa enwrap 1 / 6 the front of the eyeball.
• Vascular layer consisting of koroid, silia body, and iris
  Koroid, a layer of dark reddish brown and sclera between the retina, forming the largest part of the layer vascular eyeball.
  Agency silia connect with koroid slices.
  Iris is the section near the front surface of the lens.
• In the layer (in the mantle), consists of the retina that have optics and the non-visual
  Optics the retina sensitive to visualize the light and has two layers: a layer neutral layer and pigment cells.
  The non-visual retina is the continuation of the cell layer and pigment layer of cells that pass the silia rear surface of the retina and iris.

Some procedures are performed in LASIK action:

Preoperative

The use of contact lens is usually stopped approximately 5-21 days before surgical action. Before the surgical action, the patient's cornea is reviewed using pakimeter to measure the thickness and with a topographer to measure surface contours. By using low-power Lasers, topographer create a topographic map of a cornea. This process is carried out to detect the astigmatism and other cornea deformity. By using this information, the surgeon calculates the amount and the location of cornea network which will be removed when operating. Usually, patients are given a prescription of antibiotics prior to this action to reduce the risk of infection after the procedure is executed.

Operative

Done when the patient is awake and moving. Sometimes a light sedative are given to patients, such as valium and anesthesia eye drops. LASIK three action steps:

a. Flap Creation

A corneal suction ring is applied to the eye, make eyes fixed on the place (that does not move). This step can sometimes cause bleeding (subconjunctival hemorrhage) in the sclera. This is a mild side effects that can be experienced for several weeks. Increasing the suction caused blurred vision for a while. This process is done with a mechanical microkeratomi use metal knives or femtosecond laser microkeratome (intraLASIK). A hinge left at the end of this flap. And behind the flap, show a stroma, the middle of the cornea. The process of adoption and this inversion can be less comfortable.

b. Laser Remodeling

The second step uses eximer laser (193 nm) to change the form of cornea stroma. Laser vapor the network without damage the stroma. To erase the network does not need to fire or cutting. Layer of network is taken about ten micrometer of its thickness. The use of laser ablation on the cornea stroma further acceleration in the improvement of the visualization and generate more light than the pain that earlier technique, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

View of the patient will be very clear when the flap is not lifted. Patients are able to see only white light encircle orange laser light.

c. Reposition of Flap

After laser re-shaping the stroma layer, flap position restored carefully by surgeon and checked the air bubbles, debris with the appropriate action on the eyes.

Postoperative

Patients are usually given antibiotic eye drops and anti-inflammation for several weeks after the surgical action. Patients are also more sleep and wear sunglasses to protect eyes from light, so that does not prevent the rub eyes when not sleeping, and reduce eye dryness. Patients must follow the doctors advice to reduce the risk of surgical complications after surgery.

The results of the very interesting, who does not like my vision is better without the contact lens and eye-glass. However much any posts about the benefits of LASIK surgery will be more prudent for prospective patients to realize the potential risk.

What are the complications of this surgery?

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a common complication of minor post-LASIK. While the most common complications of surgical action is refractive dry eye incidence.

The risk of disruption to patients experiencing side effects visualization, such as halo, double visualization (ghosting), loss of contrast sensitivity (foggy vision) and glare after LASIK depends on the degree of ametropia before the surgery and other risk factors. Therefore, it is important to calculate the potential risk of a patient and not only estimates the average likelihood for all patients.

The likelihood of infection will also occur, at any time, anywhere in the incision is made in the body. This may require intensive treatment and may lead to temporary loss of vision or even permanent blindness.

And it is important to remember that the laser machine tools may not always do what they should do.

Some patients suffer side effects that damage the quality of vision even though they have improved the vision sharpness. For example, although the vision with the eye test chart (a test to measure the sharpness of vision) shows good results, some patients still can not see in light conditions with low contrast, such as when driving at night or in foggy conditions.

In one study, 41 percent of patients have good vision in the daytime, but some have lost their vision at night.

In another study, people who have short-distance vision (short-sighted) who undergo laser surgery, 80 percent can not see the traffic sign on the distance of 15 cars, and 40 percent can not see the traffic sign on the distance of 4 cars .

This is worrying, as well as that of a drunk driver. But with millions of people who undergo LASIK surgery, it should be asked how much the trip will be done at night.

Moreover, laser surgery can not stop the increase of age, and size for our age, the vision in the night, of course, have been decreasing. This causes a double-whammy.

Some patients have been suffering from post-operation problems of quality of vision such as double vision, or about the existence of such a circle of light on their blind vision.

May also occur under the action of professional treatment or excessive in the patient, resulting in less than 20/20 vision.

In one study, 36 percent of those who perform surgery on both eyes still need glasses. The report states that the other 2 percent from 10 percent of people still require glasses after LASIK surgery.

The other suffered from dry eye syndrome. In this case, the eye is not able to produce enough tears to keep eyes stay moist. This does not only cause restlessness, but sometimes also the haze, and this may become permanent, given the eye problem will continue to need regular eye drops.

And what all this means? This field does not currently intend to frighten people who want to perform LASIK surgery. This is more a form of expression is quite wise for patients to follow the advice of the Roman era which has been proved the effectiveness in a long time (time-tested), which is "please examine before buying a" let the buyer beware.

Only, you must be a patient who fully understand the information before agreeing LASIK surgery. And someone who says to you that there will be no complications, is a liar or stupid people.

Decisions even more difficult when LASIK surgery is done only for convenience not because it needs, given that the majority of cases end with good results.

The problem is, you do not know when rare complications will be occurred. It is a grisly sight when the loss occurred only because you want to remove my glasses.

Therefore a short description about LASIK. View from the benefits and complications incurred while this action LASIK surgery more profitable than conventional surgical measures. However, because the action LASIK is still quite new, possibilities the complication of this action more dangerous from the previous action.